WATER TREATMENT
Anodic Oxidation (AO) and m-RedOx, Solving the World's Most Challenging Water Treatment Problems
In the late 1980’s our founders realized that electrochemical process such as AO and ion mediated reduction/oxidation (RedOx) were ideally suited to treating some of the most intractable water contaminants - fluorinated hydrocarbons.
This came from our understanding that it took high-energy electrochemical process to produce perfluoro-octanoic acid, and it would need the reversal of these processes to destroy PFAS and other toxic fluorinated compounds.
We also understood that such a process would require an anode material which is immune to fluorine and fluoride ion. This is because, conventional carbon or titanium electrodes are quickly destroyed by fluoride ions. That material - Ebonex® - was already in our portfolio.
We first began development in this filed in the late 1980's and had several water treatment processes operating successfully at lab, pilot and full-scale by the late 1990's - in anticipation of this need progressing into commercial markets.
Sadly, it took more than 2 decades for PFAS to become recognized as a serious toxin and become regulated.
Meanwhile we continued to advance in other electrochemical fields, including:
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Treatment of ground and groundwater Superfund Sites (former DOD, DOE and industrial facilities), where we built and managed a joint venture with Fluor Daniel Corp., Geokinetics BV, (NL), UK Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell, (UK) and SRI International (Palo Alto). Contaminants included: chlorinated solvents, arsenic, hexavalent chrome, jet fuel, PCB's, radionuclides and fluorinated hydrocarbons.
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RedOx based electrochemical synthesis of para-anthraquinone, vitamin-k, and renewable fuels such as DMF
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Large complex RedOx flow batteries including Ce/Zn, Br/Zn, Pb/Pb, V/V and metal-air chemistries
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Electrolyzers and specialty electrodes for Green hydrogen
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Elecro-recovery of metals from acid mine drainage
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Metals refining and battery recycling technologies
With the belated recognition of PFAS as a serious contaminant we have re-entered this market, to bring all of our experience in these and other applications to play.
The pioneers in this field
Electrochemical processes such as Direct Anodic Oxidation and ion-mediated RedOX, have proven to be effective in treating drinking water contaminated with acute pathogens (e-coli, c-sporidium) and persistent toxins (PFAS, PCB, DDT, chlorinated solvents) which need to be removed to ppb and even ppb levels of detection.
Process, cell design and choice of anode are each critical in achieving effective and efficient treatments in real-world concentrations and solutions.
We bring more than 3 decades of advanced electrolyser design and our portfolio of Ebonex® anodes to this field.
Electrochemical processes such as Direct Anodic Oxidation and ion-mediated RedOX, have proven to be effective in treating drinking water contaminated with acute pathogens (e-coli, c-sporidium) and persistent toxins (PFAS, PCB, DDT, chlorinated solvents) which need to be removed to ppb and even ppb levels of detection.
Process, cell design and choice of anode are each critical in achieving effective and efficient treatments in real-world concentrations and solutions.
We bring more than 3 decades of advanced electrolyser design and our portfolio of Ebonex® anodes to this field.
Electrochemical processes such as Direct Anodic Oxidation and ion-mediated RedOX, have proven to be effective in treating drinking water contaminated with acute pathogens (e-coli, c-sporidium) and persistent toxins (PFAS, PCB, DDT, chlorinated solvents) which need to be removed to ppb and even ppb levels of detection.
Process, cell design and choice of anode are each critical in achieving effective and efficient treatments in real-world concentrations and solutions.
We bring more than 3 decades of advanced electrolyser design and our portfolio of Ebonex® anodes to this field.
In the late 1980’s our founders realized that electrochemical process such as AO and ion mediated reduction/oxidation (RedOx) were ideally suited to treating some of the most intractable water contaminants - fluorinated hydrocarbons.
This came from our understanding that it took high-energy electrochemical process to produce perfluoro-octanoic acid, and it would need the reversal of these processes to destroy PFAS and other toxic fluorinated compounds.
We also understood that such a process would require an anode material which is immune to fluorine and fluoride ion. This is because, conventional carbon or titanium electrodes are quickly destroyed by fluoride ions. That material - Ebonex® - was already in our portfolio.
We first began development in this filed in the late 1980's and had several water treatment processes operating successfully at lab, pilot and full-scale by the late 1990's - in anticipation of this need progressing into commercial markets.
Sadly, it took more than 2 decades for PFAS to become recognized as a serious toxin and become regulated.
Meanwhile we continued to advance in other electrochemical fields, including:
-
Treatment of ground and groundwater Superfund Sites (former DOD, DOE and industrial facilities), where we built and managed a joint venture with Fluor Daniel Corp., Geokinetics BV, (NL), UK Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell, (UK) and SRI International (Palo Alto). Contaminants included: chlorinated solvents, arsenic, hexavalent chrome, jet fuel, PCB's, radionuclides and fluorinated hydrocarbons.
-
RedOx based electrochemical synthesis of para-anthraquinone, vitamin-k, and renewable fuels such as DMF
-
Large complex RedOx flow batteries including Ce/Zn, Br/Zn, Pb/Pb, V/V and metal-air chemistries
-
Electrolyzers and specialty electrodes for Green hydrogen
-
Elecro-recovery of metals from acid mine drainage
-
Metals refining and battery recycling technologies
With the belated recognition of PFAS as a serious contaminant we have re-entered this market, to bring all of our experience in these and other applications to play.
With increased understanding of the urgent need to remove these toxins from our water and our food, we revived this work and are scaling-up our supply chains.
With increased understanding of the urgent need to remove these toxins from our water and our food, we revived this work and are scaling-up our supply chains.
